Director's Message
--- from Fred Ganders
New Herbarium...
As many of you probably already know, the UBC Centre for Biodiversity
Research was recently awarded a Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI)
Grant of about $14,500,000, and also has appointed Dr. Wayne
Maddison to a Senior Canada Research Chair (CRC) in Biodiversity, as professor
of Zoology and Botany. What you may not be aware of are the
implications of this for the UBC Herbarium.
The UBC Herbarium is part of the UBC Centre for Biodiversity
Research, as are the biodiversity collections of the Zoology
Department. The CFI grant is for a building and research equipment
for the Centre for Biodiversity Research, and this building
is supposed to house all of these collections. The $14.5 million
is supposed to be matched by the Provincial Government, and
an additional $8 million or so has to be raised by the University.
On May 30, I personally talked to President Martha Piper about
this, and she assured me that despite Provincial cutbacks she
was confident the Province would cough up the money, but that
the harder part would be getting UBC's share. All evidence seems
to indicate that fundraising for the building is one of the
University's highest priorities, and within 5 years things should
be starting to happen. What the Herbarium should get out of
this is more space, new herbarium cases, new microscopes, computers,
and other equipment. The current plan is for the new building
to be just south of the where the Herbarium is now, replacing
the huts.
A final comment about the appointment of Dr. Wayne Maddison
as CRC in Biodiversity: Dr. Maddison does research
on jumping spiders but is best known to botanists for producing
computer programs for phylogenetic analysis, such as MacClade,
which he coauthored with his brother. MacClade is familiar to
most botanists who do phylogenetic studies, and is probably
one reason most phylogenists use Macintosh computers instead
of those dratted PCs. Anyway, Dr, Maddison impressed everyone
on the search committee, and I was especially impressed by his
deep commitment to the importance of biodiversity collections
such as the Herbarium. I am certain that his presence in the
Centre for Biodiversity Research will help the UBC Herbarium
get the attention it deserves at UBC. The Herbarium, is,
after all, by far the most actively used of the biodiversity
collections in the Centre.
Herbarium People
|
Director:
Dr. Fred Ganders
Herbarium Committee
Fred Ganders
Mary Berbee
Michael Hawkes
Jeannette Whitton
Herbarium Manager
Olivia Lee
|
Curators and Associate Curators
Wilf Schofield (Bryophytes)
Trevor Goward (Lichens)
Mary Berbee (Fungi)
Sandra Lindstrom (Algae)
Michael Hawkes (Algae)
Helen Kennedy (Vascular Plants)
Research and Faculty Associates:
Frank Lomer (Additions to the Flora of BC)
Brian Klinkenberg (E-FLORA BC) |
Student Assistants
Gina Choe
Zarah Martz
Kim Ryall
Volunteers:
Stephanie Chan (mounting)
Ling Leung (specimens)
Vanessa Pasqualetto (Eflora)
Rosemary Taylor (Eflora) |
Regular Users:
Chris Sears
Terry McIntosh
Rose Klinkenberg
|
|
|
|
|
| Grad Students researching in the Herbarium |
Department/faculty |
Thesis Title/Subject |
Supervisor |
| Danielle Cobbaert |
Botany, Laval |
Restoration of a Fen Plant Community after Peat Mining |
Line Rochfort (Laval)
Gary Bradstreet , UBC liaison |
| Nick Page |
Institute for Resources and Environment |
Regional and local patterns of exotic plant species
in west coast beaches |
Les Lavkulich |
| Karen Golinski |
Geography/School of Environmental Study, UVIC |
Classification and ecology of some BC mires, and distribution
patterns of Sphagnum species ofsouthwestern
BC. |
Nancy Turner/Mike Edgell |
| Natalie Griller |
Geography |
Arctic Biogeography
--Treeline dynamics in permafrost regions |
Greg Henry |
| Stacey Thompson |
Botany |
The evolution of apomictic polyploidy in Townsendia (Asteraceae) |
Jeannette Whitton |
Linda Jennings
|
Botany |
The distribution of genetic variation in the
threatened species Townsendia aprica (Asteraceae) |
Jeannette Whitton |
| Patrik Inderbitzen |
Botany |
Evolution and diversity in fungi (Ascomycetes) |
Mary Berbee |
| Gary Lewis |
Botany |
Vegetation and plant ecology of the serpentine soils
of B.C. |
Gary Bradfield |
Herbarium News
Faculty
of Science grants Botany $25,000 per year for two years for
Biodiversity Curation
-- from Fred Ganders
The Federal Government has provided money to universities for
indirect costs (overhead) associated with research grants, such
as Natural Sciences and Engingeering Research Council (NSERC) grants. The Faculty of Science received $571,000 for
its indirect cost allocation for next year, much less than was
hoped for. In discussion with the Heads of Departments, the
Dean decided the highest priority for the money was technical
support for multi-user facilities and infrastructure that
directly helped researchers. In order to get funding, multi-user
facilities like the Herbarium must develop a plan to document
how the funds have enhanced the level of research at UBC. The
Dean of Science has augmented the funds received by $342,600,
with the stipulation that funds also contribute to graduate
and undergraduate education. Other constraints have required
a circuitous route for the transfer of funds, but the result
is that the UBC Herbarium has been allocated $25,000 per year,
more or less guaranteed for two years, for biodiversity curation.
The hope is that these funds for indirect costs would continue
after that, but there is no guarantee that that will happen.
This amount of money is not enough to hire a full-time curator
or collections manager. The Herbarium Committee decided that
these funds will be used to hire a part-time curatorial technician
for either vascular plants, algae, or fungi. We will begin
advertising for the position as soon as possible.
The Herbarium desperately needs funds for employment of curatorial
assistants. At present, Olivia Lee is the only paid technician,
whereas in the 1970's the Herbarium had three full-time technicians,
and the Herbarium was much smaller then. Nevertheless, this
is a positive sign that the University is recognizing the significance
of biodiversity and biodiversity collections, and the need to
support them.
Type specimen fire proof safe
Kent M. Brothers of North Vancouver has donated $1,000 to the
Herbarium Fund specifically for herbarium cases. Matched funds
from his employer, Creo, make for a total of $2,000. Our greatest
immediate need is for a fire resistant case for our type specimens,
which are nomenclaturally the most valuable specimens we have.
So we are using this donation for this purpose. Assistant curator
of Algae Dr. Sandra Lindstrom investigated availability of such
cases, and discovered that what we really want is a two-hour
fire safe, which she saw being used for type specimens in Japan.
The remainder of the cost will be paid from the donation from
the estate of Mr. Philip James Salisbury, which we received
two years ago. Our type safe will house types from our algal,
fungal, lichen, bryophyte, and vascular plant collections.
Kent is a botanist with interest in fungi, bryophytes, and lichens.
New Books for the Herbarium
Thanks to donations to the Herbarium Fund earmarked specifically
for books from Brian Klinkenberg ($200) and Olivia Lee ($300),
we will be able to add a few new volumes to our shelves.
A list of possible purchases is being compiled, and will be
purchased as soon as possible. These funds have come through work done
on plant identification for the Peace River Biophysical
Project headed by Michael Church in Geography.
Vouchering the Hortus Botanicus at Nong Nooch Tropical Garden, Thailand
--from Fred Ganders
Canada ratified the Convention on Biological Diversity negotiated
at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992, pledging
to identify, monitor, and conserve biodiversity. Canada also
agreed to provide expertise to less developed countries to help
conserve their biodiversity. It is not apparent that Canada
has done much in this regard in the last decade. One of the
five areas essential to Trek 2000, the University of British
Columbia's plan for the 21st Century, is Internationalization.
One of the goals of the UBC Herbarium is to use the expertise
we have. We are probably the most active institution in Canada
in the field of tropical plant taxonomy. So we want to expand
international cooperation and the international significance
of the UBC Herbarium, as part of the Herbarium's Trek 2000 plan.
We want to be an international rather than just a regional herbarium.
Last December, on the way to our traditional Christmas vacation
destination of Phuket, Thailand, Helen Kennedy, curator of vascular
plants, and I were guests of the Nong Nooch Tropical Garden
near Pattaya, Thailand. They gave us VIP treatment; they even
met us at Bangkok International airport where we bypassed immigration
and customs while they took care of all that. Nong Nooch Tropical
Garden has connections.
Nong Nooch Tropical Garden is a 520 acre privately owned botanical
garden catering primarily to Asian and Russian tourists, with
relatively few visitors from western Europe or North America.
Their display gardens are remarkable, and, to us, rather curious.
There is a huge formal "French Garden", about two football fields
long, with tropical plants grafted and pruned to look like conifers
and boxwood, a "European Garden" with fountains, and a Stonehenge
replica. To tourists who live in the tropics, these classical
European style gardens are exotic and interesting. This,
the butterfly house, performing elephant shows, Thai dance exhibitions,
and sleepy looking tigers to pet, are all set among the most
complete palm collection in the world. (We didn't have time
for shows but we did pet tigers - their fur is coarse and stiff,
not at all like a housecat.)
However, the most remarkable thing about Nong Nooch is their
Hortus Botanicus. It is not open to the public, but is a scientific,
conservation, and horticultural resource collection. It specializes
in the most complete living collections of selected families
of tropical plants, including palms, cycads, and the ginger
order Zingiberales, which includes gingers, bananas, Heliconias,
and, of course, the prayer plants, Marantaceae, which is why
they invited Helen to visit.They have, for example, over
1,100 species of palms and all known cycads except for six species,
and they are working on getting those. These collections will
be of great value to scientific researchers around the world,
as well as to conservation and horticulture.
The UBC Herbarium, a world leader in Marantaceae research,
is planning to cooperate with Nong Nooch to document their living
collections with herbarium specimens that will serve as vouchers
for any research conducted on their collection. UBC Herbarium
expeditions will also add to their living collection of prayer
plants. This cooperative project will also train Thai plant
collectors to make the voucher specimens. Researchers working
on Hortus Botanicus plants, for example, extracting DNA for
phylogenetic studies, or phytochemicals, or counting chromosome
numbers, would not need to make additional voucher specimen
because the plant would already be vouchered in the UBC Herbarium.
This will save researchers time, and protect the plants because
fewer specimens would have to be made from each one. It will
also make access to all of the vouchers available in one herbarium,
and link all of the various studies done on the same living
plant to one specimen. All of the herbarium specimen label data
will be on our herbarium internet database, making it searchable
by anyone.
Vouchering the Hortus Botanicus at Nong Nooch Tropical Garden
will make their collections much more valuable to international
taxonomic researchers. It will add to our herbarium what will
become a most important collection of tropical voucher specimens,
as more and more research is conducted using their plants. The
UBC Herbarium will have the best tropical collections in Canada.
Other news.....
Herbarium people have been active in the
last year, both in research and in public outreach.
Wilf Schofield led off the
International Bog Day Festival at the Richmond Nature Park
in July 2002 with his opening lecture on "The Importance of
Being a Bog." He also spent an envious week collecting
mosses in the Queen Charlottes with Shona Ellis, and, last fall,
gave a lecture on bryophytes to the Richmond Nature Park Society,
drawing a crowd in spite of a snowstorm! Recent field work has
been in Alaska and Washington State.
Olivia Lee spent 3 weeks in Yunnan
Province in spring 2002 on a Lichen and Bryophyte collecting
trip that is a (personal) follow-up to her trip a few years
ago that was partly funded by the Department of Botany, UBC
and partly by Bruce McKunne at the University of Oregon.
Fred Ganders gave a lecture on the
Flora of the Fraser Valley to the Richmond Nature Park Society,
and to the Vancouver Natural History Society.
Sandra Lindstrom gave a lecture
to the Vancouver Natural History Society on the algae of the
Pacific Northwest.
Brian Klinkenberg, Rose Klinkenberg
and Chris Sears are working on three new Committee on the Status of Engangered Wildife in Canada (COSEWIC) status
reports on plants in the Okanagan: Eleocharis atropurpureus,
Aster frondosus, and Astragalus spaldingii var.
spaldingii. Chris Sears is also undertaking a
preliminary review of Bidens tripartita in North America
and Europe.
Danielle Cobbaert has won the first
place presentation award at the International Peat Society Conference,
Parnu, Estonia.
Kim Ryall Over the last
year, Kim worked extensively on moss records from the Queen
Charlotte Islands. Now she's off to start her PhD. Originally
from Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, Kim completed a Bachelor of Arts
in English Literature at UBC in May, 1997, and a Bachelor's
degree in Biology in May 2001. She will be joining the
Department of Biology at Duke University to pursue her doctorate
in Botany. Kim received a Canadian NSERC grant to support
her graduate work at Duke, and also received two of Duke's highly
competitive fellowships: the James B. Duke Award, and the University
Scholars Award.
Terry McIntosh is working on several
key projects: seven COSEWIC status reports on nationally
rare mosses; identifying a variety of arid land mosses and lichens
from the Hanford Reach National Monument in Washington State,
representative vouchers will be deposited at UBC; preparation
of descriptions and species keys of two moss genera (Ceratodon
and Physcomitrium) for the Bryophyte Flora of North America
project.
Wilf, Karen, Nick, Chris, Danielle,
Rose and Brian are also volunteering their time to conduct
a detailed biophysical inventory of the Lulu Island Bog in Richmond,
along with many other expert volunteers. The inventory
will cover plant communities, flora and fauna, and includes
such groups as vascular plants, fungi, lichens, dragonflies,
aquatic insects, flies, butterflies, moths, reptiles and amphibians,
small mammals. Detailed information is also being gathered
on the hydrology of the site, and on local precipitation.
From the Curators
Wilf Schofield
V. J. Krajina initiated the bryophyte and lichen herbaria at
the University of British Columbia. It was mainly a repository
for voucher specimens to document his ecological studies, and
those of his students. In 1960, this collection numbered
approximately 2,000 specimens. Through intensive field
work, especially in British Columbia, by W. B. Schofield and
his graduate students, the collection grew rapidly in succeeding
years. This research was supported by modest grants from
NSERC.
Also during the 1960's-1980's, G. F. Otto, an enthusiastic
amateur lichenologist considerably enriched and improved the
lichen collections. From 1980 onward, Trevor Goward has
vastly improved the lichen holdings, making the collection a
major resource in North America.
The herbaria have been considerably enriched by an active international
exchange programme. The exsiccata (a set of herbarium
specimens distributed to other herbaria), Bryophyta Canadensia,
has been especially significant.
The bryophyte and lichen specimens are dominated by those from
British Columbia. For bryophytes, however, western North
America from northern Alaska to southernmost California and
Arizona are comprehensively represented. Added to these
are holdings from Australia, New Zealand, Japan and Europe in
particular. Canadian holdings are especially strong for
the eastern provinces, including the Martimes and Newfoundland.
Gift collections from Stanford University, the Vancouver City
Museum and The Royal BC Museum are of considerable importance
in their contribution of historically significant collections.
The collections made by John Macoun after his retirement on
Vancouver Island are especially noteworthy.
By 2002, the bryophyte herbarium numbers 240,000 accessioned
specimens as well as 38,000 accessioned specimens of lichens.
This makes this herbarium the second largest holding of these
organisms in Canada and the only collection that continues to
be enlarged annually.
In 1997, a fund was established through the Vancouver Foundation,
designed to provide annual support for the bryophyte and lichen
herbaria. This has been provided to graduate and undergraduate
students in support of their research as well as to aid in the
accessioning and database entry for the collection.
Trevor Goward
Trevor reports having made intensive lichenological surveys
of several key inland rainforests in the Revelstoke - Mica Dam
area: probably about 1,000 specimens of macros and crusts, which
will come to UBC eventually.
He is now putting the finishing touches on the first volume
of "Ways of Enlichenment", which provides keys for all and discussions
for a majority of about 670 macrolichens occurring in northwest
North America south to San Francisco, east to the Rockies, and
north to the Arctic Ocean. He has also spent about a month
this summer in Norway, and will be adding about 500 specimens
from there: a few of them apparently new species to science.
Sandra Lindstrom
Herbaria are repositories for type specimens, the material
on which species names are based and to which the names
are irrevocably attached. UBC herbarium is such a repository.
There are actually different types of types. A holotype
is the single specimen designated by the author of the species
name as representing the species. (However, it is not
necessarily representative or typical.) Isotypes are
other specimens from the same collection (same place, date and
collector) as the holotype. Isotypes are often distributed
to other herbaria for safe-keeping and making the specimens
available to a wider group of people. The UBC herbarium
contains both holotypes and isotypes: 23 holotypes and 85 isotypes
of algae, 7 holotypes and 66 isotypes of bryophytes, 8 holotypes
and 13 isotypes of lichens, 8 holotypes of fungi, and 3 holotypes
and 30 isotypes of vascular plants.
There are other types of types as well: lectotypes, paratypes,
and topotypes, and some of these can also be found in the UBC
collections.
Because of their importance to taxonomy, types are usually
kept in a special cabinet from the remaining collection.
This keeps them from undo disturbance. Moreover, the cabinet
is usually fireproof, providing an additional degree of safety
for this material.
As noted above, the UBC herbarium is especially rich in algal
types. The northeast Pacific marine environment is very
diverse, and many new species of seaweeds have been described
from northern Washington, British Columbia and Alaska.
Data from some of these specimens and from other types of species
reported to occur in Alaska are being collated into a database
that is now a part of the UBC herbarium database. This
database is part of a project to inventory Alaskan seaweeds[1]
and is available on the web at. http://herbarium.botany.ubc.ca/herbarium_data/algaltypes_web/search.htm
This website was put together with the help of Dave Carmean.
We have examined types of over 375 species and have images
of over 340 types. These include 14 types from UBC, 20 from
the British Museum (London), 23 from the Museum of Evolution
(Uppsala University), 65 from the Botanical Museum (Lund), 84
from the University of California (Berkeley), and 94 from the
Komarov Botanical Institute (St. Petersburg), among institutions
holding holotypes of North Pacific species. Below we provide
an example of the kind of information included in the Algal
Types Database:
| Type name |
Orculifilum denticulatum |
| Current name |
Orculifilum denticulatum |
| Authority |
S. C. Lindstrom |
| Date of publication |
1987 |
| Page |
131 |
| Figures |
Figs 1-13 |
| Type locality |
Coghlan Island, Auke Bay, Alaska |
| Date of collection |
13 June 1974 |
| Collector |
S. C. Lindstrom |
| Collector number |
Auke Bay Laboratory 278 |
| Herbarium |
UBC |
| Specimen number |
A67496 |
| Type status |
Holotype |
| Image |
yes |
|
|
|
 |
Mary Berbee
Congratulations to Curator of Fungi Dr. Mary Berbee, who won
a Killam Teaching Prize for her innovative undergraduate teaching.
She has donated the $5,000 prize, matched by the Faculty of Science
and the Department of Botany, and hopefully to be matched by
Zoology, to set up a fund to offer a
"Botany and Zoology Student Research Award" for undergraduate
research projects.
From the Research and Faculty Associates
E-FLORA BC
Brian Klinkenberg and Fred
Ganders, have begun work on E-FLORA BC. This new intiative
is a joint project of the UBC Herbarium, the Native Plant Society
of BC, and the Department of Geography, UBC. The aim is
to develop a cooperative interactive on-line atlas of the vascular
plants of British Columbia that would contain at least the following
information for each species:
• distribution information/mapping/label
data
• taxonomy and nomenclature
• species photographs and descriptions
• ecological information
• conservation information
• tips on cultivation
• medicinal use
• important literature references
• links to other relevant online materials
(eg., Calflora)
• other info
The project is a resurrection of the atlas
idea originally put forward several years ago by the native
plant society, and in which interest continues. It also
combines recent herbarium initiatives to place the herbarium
database interactively on-line.
Initially, the UBC Herbarium Database will
form the core of the project. Phase One of this project,
which is primarily computer based, is now underway in
Brian's lab in Geography. During this phase, they will:
• develop the parameters for the project
(e.g., explicitly deciding upon what type of information should
be included in the databases and on the web pages, what other
online sites should be linked to);
• decide upon the look and feel of the project
pages (e.g., should the pages follow the model used in Calflora
[a single page with all of the information on it] or follow
the model used in Florida [multiple pages, each containing an
integrated ‘parcel’ of information]), and create some prototype
project pages;
• complete initial internet mapping
software programming–the development of the interactive map
page (by BCIT students);
• assess the UBC Herbarium database; and
• select and work with a pilot plant group.
To date, graduate student Laura Cotton,
working under the supervision of Brian Klinkenberg, has prepared
some preliminary pages in which various aspects of the project
have been outlined and links to existing plant atlases have
been made. (http://www.geog.ubc.ca/~brian/florae/). In
addition, a sample information page has been developed and additional
critical database links have been compiled.
Some initial funding has been provided
by the UBC Herbarium Fund ($800) for upgrading a computer (providing
additional memory and processing power) so it can handle the
internet mapping software needed to eventually drive the atlas,
and which is integral to the project. Additional matching
funds ($800) for the computer upgrade have also been provided
by Brian Klinkenberg. This will allow work on the database
to begin, and will support the computer programming needs of
the project in Phase One.
In addition, the Vancouver Orchid Society
has just approved a donation to the Eflora Project for $3,200
for the purchase of computer hardware for data management.
Two BCIT students have volunteered their
student project time to work on EFlora next spring (as part
of their degree requirements), and they will be working on computer
programming (working with internet mapping software in
order to develop the interactive map page) for the project.
That is, while we will use existing internet mapping software
(worth something in the order of $30,000 if we were to purchase
it commercially), there is still a fair bit of programming effort
required in order to actually produce E-Flora BC-specific maps,
and these students will tackle some of that. Funds are
now being sought to aid in the computer programming.
Upon completion of Phase One of the project
by the middle to the end of 2003, production of the full E-Flora
project would commence (i.e., incorporating the entire UBC Herbarium
database, developing the image bank, collection of the literature,
etc.). Phase Two of the project will be a multi-year undertaking,
and will require both a considerable contribution of volunteer
time and additional funding.
The first step in Phase Two will be the
development of a pilot project on the Orchids of BC. Work
has begun in preparation for this, and volunteers are working
in the Herbarium and in the Department of Geography on data
entry and specimen annotation. Our volunteers include Vanessa
Pasqualetto, Chris Sears and Rosemary Taylor.
ADDITIONS TO THE BC FLORA
Frank Lomer continues to work on additions to the flora
of BC, and has added several new species for the province in
2002:
| Trifolium glomeratum L. |
A European species found near the Oak Bay
Marina. Possibly the first BC collection. |
| Verbascum nigrum L. |
Found along Hwy 1 and 248 St in Langley. Possibly
the first collection in BC. |
| Lepidium ruderale L |
A Europe species found on a vacant lot near Hwy 3 in
Princeton This has been collected a
few times before in New West and Surrey, but this
time will be included in his list of new plants
to be added eventually to the Flora of BC. |
| Rumex sanguineus L. |
A European species found near Swartz Bay. It also
grows on the Gulf Islands. This species will
probably also be added to the Flora of BC. |
| Epilobium obscurum Schreber |
A European species found by a gas station on Canada
Way in Burnaby. Specimens of previous collections
were sent to Peter Hoch in Missouri. He said these
are not the first collection from North America
but our populations are the only ones he knows of that
are established. |
Herbarium Visitors and Clients
| Thanks to the Bryophyte
Fund, UBC Herbarium was fortunate to have Dr.
Jim Dickson, Archaeo- Botanist from the
University of Glasgow, spend some time in the
Herbarium as a visiting researcher in 2002.
Dr. Dickson is investigating the BC Iceman (Long
Ago Person Found) in cooperation with Dr.
Richard Hebda at the Royal British Columbia Museum. |
 |
|
In cooperation with Jim Dickson, Dr. Peta J.
Mudie (Geological Survey of Canada, Dartmouth,
Nova Scotia) visited the herbarium this year for work
on Salicornia. She is an Environmental
Marine Geologist with an interest in the Canadian arctic
islands, and has been working on KDT, and Long Ago Person
Found with Dr. Dickson. |
Additional visitors and herbarium users include:
| British Columbia
Conservation Data Centre: |
Work on The Illustrated
Flora of British Columbia, and the CDC rare plant
database |
| Vancouver General Hospital |
poisonous plant inquiries |
| RCMP--Richmond |
forensic botany requests |
| Committee on the Status of
Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) |
Status report research and compilation,
various researchers including Terry McIntosh,
Brian Kinkenberg, Rose Klinkenberg and Chris Sears |
| Peace River Project, Department
of Geography |
plant identification for this
project |
| Faculty of Forestry |
Karel Klinka lab |
| Faculty of Agriculture |
specimen identification |
|
|
Publications by Curators, Faculty and Research Associates
Wilf Schofield
Schofield, Wilf. 2002. Field Guide to Liverwort Genera of Pacific North America.
University of Washington Press, Seattle.
Mary
Berbee
Berbee M. L. 2001. The
phylogeny of plant and animal pathogens in the Ascomycota. Physiological
and Molecular Plant Pathology
59: 165-187.
Landvik S, Eriksson OE, Berbee M. L.
2001. Neolecta - a fungal dinosaur? Evidence from beta-tubulin
amino acid sequences. Mycologia 93: 1151-1163.
Zhang G, Berbee M. L.
2001. Pyrenophora phylogenetics inferred from ITS
and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene sequences.
Mycologia 93: 1048-1063.
Fred Ganders
Ganders, F., R. Klinkenberg and
B. Klinkenberg. 2002. British Columbia loses an endemic species:
Bidens amplissima (Asteraceae) also occurs in Washington
state. Botanical Electronic News (BEN) No. 293, July
12, 2002.
Kennedy, H. and F. R. Ganders 2001.
Marantaceae. In Stevens, W.D., C. Ulloa Ulloa, A. Pool
& O. M. Montiel, eds. Flora de Nicaragua.
Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Garden 85 (2): 1322--1335.
2001.
Trevor Goward
Arsenault, Andre and Trevor Goward. 2000.
Ecological characteristics of Inland Rain Forests.
In: L. M. Darling. 2000. Proceedings of the
Conference on the Biology and Management of species and habitats
at risk. Kamloops, BC, 15-19 Feb. 1999. Volume 1.
British Columbia Mnistry of Environment, Lands and Parks, and
the University College of the Caribou, Kamloops, BC.
Arsenault, Andre and Trevor Goward. 2000.
The drip zone effect: new insight into the distribution
of rare lichens. In: L. M. Darling. 2000.
Proceedings of the Conference on the Biology and Management
of species and habitats at risk. Kamloops, BC, 15-19 Feb.
1999. Volume 1. British Columbia Mnistry of Environment,
Lands and Parks, and the University College of the Caribou,
Kamloops, BC.
Arssenault, Andre and Trevor Goward. 2000.
Cyanolichen distribution in young unmanaged forests: A
drip zone effect? The Bryologist 103 (1):
28-37.
Goward, Trevor and Andre Aresenault 2000a.
Inland old-growth rain forests: safe havens for rare lichens.
In: L. M. Darling. 2000. Proceedings of the
Conference on the Biology and Management of species and habitats
at risk. Kamloops, BC, 15-19 Feb. 1999. Volume 1.
British Columbia Mnistry of Environment, Lands and Parks, and
the University College of the Caribou, Kamloops, BC.
Goward, Trevor and Andre Arsenault. 2000b.
Cyanolichens and conifers: implications for global conservation.
For. Snow Landsc. Res. 75 (3): 303-318.
Goward, Trevor and Bernard Golfinet. 2000.
Peltigera chionophila, a new lichen (Ascomycetes) from
the Western Cordillera of North America. The Bryologist
103 (3): 493 - 498.
Helen Kennedy
Suárez, S., G. Galeano and H. Kennedy.
2001. Una Nueva Especie del Género Monophyllanthe (Marantaceae)
de la Cuenca Amazónica. Novon
11: 356-359.
Kennedy, H. 2001. Calathea.
In P. Berry, K. Yatskievych and B. Holst, eds. Flora
of the Venezuelan Guayana 6: 221-230.
Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Kennedy, H. and F. R. Ganders
2001. Marantaceae. In Stevens, W. D., C. Ulloa Ulloa,
A. Pool & O. M. Montiel, eds. Flora de
Nicaragua. Monographs Systematic Botany Missouri Botanical
Garden 85(2): 1322--1335. 2001.
Kennedy, H. 2001. A
New Twist -- Leaf arrangement in the Zingiberales. Heliconia
Society Internal Bulletin 10(3) 11-13.
W. Delin & H. Kennedy.
2000. Marantaceae. In W. Zhengyi and P. Raven, eds.,
Flora of China Vol. 24, Flagellariaceae through Marantaceae,
pp 379-382. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
Brian
Klinkenberg
Klinkenberg, B. 2002.
Spatial analysis of the coincidence of rare vascular plants
in the Carolinian Zone of Canada: implications
for protection. Canadian Geographer 46 (3):
194 - 203.
Klinkenberg, B. 2001. Similarity
of the flora of the Erie Islands. Canadian Geographer
45 (3): 337-448
Klinkenberg, Brian and Rose Klinkenberg.
2002. Biodiversity Protection: Inventory
and Monitoring of rare rhizomatous geophytes in British Columbia.
Report to the Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management, Victoria.
70 pp.
Klinkenberg, B. and R. Klinkenberg.
2001. Draft COSEWIC Status Report on Riverbank Lupine (Lupinus
rivularis Dougl. ex Lindl.) in Canada.
Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, Ottawa.
Klinkenberg, B. and R. Klinkenberg.
2001. COSEWIC Status report on Vancouver Island Beggartick
(Bidens amplissima Greene) in Canada. Committee
on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, Ottawa.
Klinkenberg, B., R. Klinkenberg
and C. Sears. 2002. Preliminary draft COSEWIC
Status Report on purple spike rush (Eleocharis atropurpurea
(Retz) Kunth.) in Canada. Committee
on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, Ottawa.
Sandra Lindstrom
Conitz, J. M., R. Fagen, S. C. Lindstrom, F. G. Plumley
& M. S. Stekoll. 2001. Growth and pigmentation of
juvenile Porphyra torta (Rhodophyta) gametophytes in
response to nitrate, salinity and inorganic carbon. Journal
of Applied Phycology 13: 423-431.
Lindstrom, S. C. 2001. The Bering Strait connection:
dispersal and speciation in boreal macroalgae. Journal
of Biogeography 28: 243-251.
Driskell, W. B., J. L. Ruesink, D. C. Lees, J. P. Houghton
& S. C. Lindstrom. 2001. Long-term signal
of disturbance: Fucus gardneri after the Exxon Valdez oil spill.
Ecological Applications 11: 815-827.
Tai, V., S. C. Lindstrom & G. W. Saunders.
2001. Phylogeny of the Dumontiaceae (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta)
and associated families based on SSU rDNA and internal transcribed
spacer sequence data. Journal of Phycology 37: 184-196.
Web publications and non-refereed works
Frank Lomer, Rose Klinkenberg and Brian Klinkenberg.
2002. Draft checklist of plants of the islands of Richmond,
British Columbia. Web publication: http://www.geog.ubc.ca/richmond/city/richmondchecklst.pdf
Klinkenberg, B. 2000.
The Phantom Orchid in Canada. Menziesia 5 (3): 6-7.
Klinkenberg, Brian and Rose Klinkenberg.
2002. Lupinus rivularis Dougl. ex Lindl. (riverbank
lupine), a little known BC species.
Menziesia 7(4): 4-5.
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