Fig wasps emerging from a fig fruit
http://www.dimijianimages.com/More-page5-mutualisms/fig-wasps.jpg
Question for tutorial:
Why are some pathogens more virulent than others?
Required reading:
Herre, E. A. 1993. Population structure and the evolution of virulence in nematode parasites of fig wasps. Science 259: 1442-1445.
Additional, optional references:
Alizon, S., A. Hurford, N. Mideo, and M. Van Baalen. 2009. Virulence evolution and the trade-off hypothesis: history, current state of affairs and the future. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 22: 245–259.
Bull, J. J., I. J. Molineux, and W. R. Rice. 1991. Selection of benevolence in a host-parasite system. Evolution 45: 875-882.
Ewald, P. W. 1994. Evolution of infectious disease. Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K. On reserve, Woodward Library, WC100 .E83 1994
Lipsitch, M., E. A. Herre and M. A. Nowak. 1995. Host population structure and the evolution of virulence: a "law of diminishing returns". Evolution 49: 743-748.
Mackinnon, M. J. and A. F. Read. 1999. Genetic relationships between parasite virulence and transmission in the rodent malaria Plasmodium chabaudi. Evolution 53:689-703.
Stewart, A. D., J. M. Logsdon, Jr., and S. E. Kelley. 2005. An empirical study of the evolution of virulence under both horizontal and vertical transmission. Evolution 59: 730-739.